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The , also known as the , occurred in the early Heian period. In 810, Emperor Saga and ex-Emperor Heizei stood in opposition, but Saga's side quickly raised enough troops to resolve the confrontation, making Heizei become a monk. Heizei's lover the Fujiwara no Kusuko and her older brother the ''sangi'' Fujiwara no Nakanari were punished for the incident. The incident was originally viewed as having been precipitated by Kusuko herself, and thus was called the "Kusuko Incident". In recent years, the view that the incident was caused by the division of power between the emperor of Japan and retired emperor under the Ritsuryō system has taken root. Since 2003, some Japanese high school textbooks have begun to refer to the incident as the "Retired Emperor Heizei Incident". == Background == When Emperor Kanmu died in 806, his son Crown Prince Ate took the throne as Emperor Heizei. Heizei in turn appointed his younger brother Prince Kamino as crown prince. This decision is thought to have been influenced by Kanmu's opinion, and the fact that Heizei was sickly and his children were still young. Even so, an internal succession dispute in the court could not be avoided. The new emperor's younger brother by another mother, Prince Iyo, was accused the next year of plotting a coup, and ultimately committed suicide. In 809, Heizei fell ill, and fearing that the sickness was a curse by the vengeful spirits of Prince Sawara and Prince Iyo, chose to abdicate the throne to prevent calamity. The Fujiwara no Kusuko and her older brother, the ''sangi'' Fujiwara no Nakanari, strongly opposed this decision, but the Emperor did not back down, and ten days later his brother Crown Prince Kamino took the throne as Emperor Saga. Saga chose Heizei's third son as crown prince. Early the next year, Emperor Heizei moved to the old capital at Heijō-kyō. Angered by Saga's attempt to change the regional inspection system he'd established, the retired emperor set up a competing court. Kusuko and Nakanari, plotting Heizei's complete restoration to the throne, encouraged the opposition between the two. Moreover, Kusuko's position as ''Naishi-no-Kami'' gave her control over the issuance of , a means of transmittance for imperial orders to the ''Daijō-kan''. At the time, retired emperors were able to involve themselves in politics in the same way as the current sovereign, as ex-Empress Kōken did during the reign of Emperor Junnin, and so Heizei was able to command the ''Daijō-kan'' via Kusuko's office. Within a few months of this situation, Saga established the ''Kurōdo-dokoro'' to regain control of the issuance of imperial decrees, and three months later abolished the ''kansatsu-shi'' and reinstituted the office ''sangi''. This further incited Heizei's opposition. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kusuko Incident」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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